Illegal Immigrants Should Be Illegal - 1456 Words

Research Paper In the world today, â€Å"Ten to thirteen million illegal immigrants live in America† (Watkins). According to the recent study, â€Å"The Percentage of immigrants living in the U.S.A. is almost fourteen percent†(Wooldridge). This problem is an issue to the U.S. and will be an issue to all of the nations including europe, asia, etcetera. if it is not fixed. Reason is that the immigrants get more government help or welfare some may call it, than the registered citizens of America. Studies show that 51 percent of homes led by immigrants are getting some kind of government help (Gomez). When there is help able to use then it should be used by the citizens of that country. All immigration needs to be controlled so anything tragic won t happen anymore. Immigration needs to be illegal because most of the Illegal immigrants don t pay taxes and get government help. Studies from Washington times show that 700,000 illegal immigrants work and pay individual taxes but there are about four million that do not pay taxes or work (stephen). In the world today, â€Å"Illegal immigrants have not paid taxes and it has added up to a little over four billion dollars† (North). This is a problem and needs to be fixed, as immigrants are living here for free basically. For example, â€Å"If the Immigrants paid income taxes the U.S.A. would bring in a lot more revenue (Hrenchir).† if they did pay taxes the U.S. would not have a problem with them. Immigrants steal jobs from americans and the americansShow MoreRelatedImmigrants Should Not Be Illegal1137 Words   |  5 PagesImmigrants aren’t given the rights that they should be. Throughout history, immigrants haven’t been given the opportunities they deserve. When certain ra ces came to America, they were always unwanted. New immigration process would benefit many people. â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunitiesRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Should Be Deported1483 Words   |  6 Pageswhat will happen to illegal immigrants. But, beside the president should we keep the illegal immigrants and let them live in the US without fear of being deported or should we deport them back to their native countries such as Mexico and other hispanic areas. As research shows immigrants bring danger to the roads, they fill up prisons, and they suck off of American education. All of these will result in americans being affected negatively in some way. Illegal immigrants should be deported. Read MoreIllegal Immigrants Should Be Legal1514 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"We should be able to refuse immigrants. There are a lot of illegal’s that are taking jobs that actual Americans need in the current economic conditions, plus they cause our taxes to go up because we have to pay for their health insurance and they might need welfare so they get all the money taken from our pay so they don’t have to work. They should have to speak English too, if I went to their country, no one would be taking care of me and making sure that I can find the bathroom, or feeding myRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Not Be Illegal1082 Words   |  5 Pagesreform was passed. It claimed that US create a tough but fair path to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants currently living in the US. Since then the problem â€Å"Should Undocumented Immigrants Have a Path to Citizenship?† has been risen to the stage of politics. Many governor and citizen think there should have so me path for undocumented immigrants to gain citizenship. By helping the undocumented immigrant to get citizenship could boost the United Stated economy development, bring in more talent peopleRead MoreShould Illegal Immigrants Be Allowed?1734 Words   |  7 Pages15 million immigrants reside in the United States illegally, of which 65.9 percent of those are high school graduates that wish to chase their dreams and go to college.   No one should ever question furthering their education or to stop it simply because of their legal status.   The United States government is acting unfairly upon the issue of whether Illegal immigrants should be allowed to obtain in-state tuition or not. Illegal Immigrants that are dedicated towards their education should be allowedRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Should Be Granted1027 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieve that illegal immigrants should be given the chance to be here legally. Many families are torn apart because of deportation. Some mothers have b een forced to leave their kids alone here. This could end up with the kids in the foster system if they have no family here. I’ve heard many stories of how hard it is for people to cross the border. All they want is a better future. That is what America was built on. Immigrants coming here and looking for a better future. So why should we not help thoseRead MoreShould Immigration Be Illegal Immigrants?1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgrounds department. They have to bring their own lunches and have to eat it outside on the picnic benches in the blazing sun. Whenever I ride past them they seem miserable. Not too many of them speak English which leads me to question if they are illegal immigrants or not. Immigration is a complicated concept because there are people who have the beliefs that it destroys the economy, and then there are those who believe it makes the economy run more smoothly and strengthens it. You can argue that allowingRead MoreShould Illegal Immigrants Be Allowed?857 Words   |  4 PagesShould Illegal Immigrants Be Able to Have Driver’s Licenses? The national debate of whether or not illegal immigrants should be able to obtain driver s licenses is not an easy issue to resolve. Two different sides have strong, valid points that adequately support their claims. So prior to making any rational decisions, both viewpoints should be closely observed. After a lot of research and deep thinking, I have decided that I am against the notion of illegal immigrants being grantedRead MoreShould Amnesty Be Illegal Immigrants?855 Words   |  4 Pageseveryone has. I believe granting amnesty to immigrants can bring happiness in both the country and immigrants. For those who do not know what amnesty is, it is an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses. My topic is about granting amnesty to immigrants in any country and to let them have every right a legal citizen has. I will be covering mostly on the immigrants who are currently living in the United States. Having illegal immigrants â€Å"Can he lp with the country s economy†Read MoreIllegal Immigration - Illegal Immigrants Should NOT be Denied Benefits1343 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal Immigrants Should not be Denied Benefits      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On her way to work, a nurse is assaulted while racial slurs are yelled at her. The same route that she has taken to work for the last ten years without a problem, now leads her to violence (Hornblower36). Instances of discrimination and racism such as this one, have increased since the passing of Proposition 187 in California. For years, the border states of this nation have faced a steady increase in the costs they are forced to pay

The Spartan Warriors Essay - 2670 Words

OUTLINE I. Introduction. In society today the term â€Å"warrior† is used loosely and sometimes even associated with an athlete training for a specific event. By the fourth century B.C., Sparta designed a culture solely for training soldiers, a warrior culture. The problem with the design of a warrior culture is not in the fighting capabilities of the group, but in the artistic legacy that was lost during the life of a fighting culture. II. Body. 1. Historical Background a. Prior to the Messenian War b. After the Messenian War 2. Training a. Age and Sex b. Way of life 3. Politics a. Women in Sparta b. Constitution c. Lycurgus 4. Significant Battles a. Battle of Marathon b. Battle of Thermopylae†¦show more content†¦Sparta was one of the most powerful city-states in Greece and in order to increase a food supply, the Spartans turned to their bordering country Messenia. In the eighth century B.C. the Spartans conquered the Messenians and set up a new type of social system. The Messenians would work the soil to supply the Spartans with the food supply, which would leave the dominating class available for a life of military training. The Messenians outnumbered the Spartans and without a strong hold the lower-class citizens would eventually overtake them by physical force. The Spartan ruler and soldier class made up about ten percent of the total population and were actually the only citizens with rights in the country. The largest class of people was the helots and these were the forced labored individuals and were not allowed to own land. A third class of people, which were allowed to own land, was the perioiki and they performed business with the citizens of Sparta. The perioiki were responsible for work other than the cultivation of the land and were the carpenters, metal workers, builders, and painters. The Sparta citizens concentrated solely on military training and did not mix socially with the classes of the helots or perioiki. As a warrior and ruler the citizen of the Sparta was responsible to oversee the helots as well as defend the city-state’s borders. In the military community of the rulers and soldiers of Sparta there was a very strictShow MoreRelatedThe Spartans Were A Warrior1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Spartans were a prominent ancient warrior society in Greek history. They were founded by Lacedaemon, a son of Zeus, in mythology. They named the city Sparta after his wife. There was no possible way for the Spartans to be successful for an extended period of time. The Spartans rose to military power around 650 BC and held power for over three hundred years. Spartan society was complex with the women having most of the freedoms men had. The Spartans were a warrior based society, that was incrediblyRead MoreEssay Roman and Spartan Warriors1265 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Ancient Greece, Sparta especially, and Ancient Rome were best known for their military tactics and strategies. In the Greek city-state Sparta, military went as far as making every male citizen a hoplite, warriors of Ancient Greece, and go through a mandatory training program, agoge, or put through public humiliation (Park and Love). It is impossible to say that both Rome and Sparta neglected the idea of implementing warfare into their daily lives. Ancient Sparta was theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Spartan Warrior Dilios 2666 Words   |  11 Pagesattractive actors and lots of blood, guts, and glory. David Wenham plays the Spartan warrior Dilios, who I believe gives the most inspiring speech that any R-rated movie has ever produced. Dilios’ speech at the end of the movie 300 is exceedingly effective in its purpose to motivate and persuade the massive army of Greeks and Spartans to fight the hordes of Xerxes’ armies. In the final speech to the army of Spartans and Greeks in the movie 300, Dilios tells the men of the brave sacrifice ofRead MoreGates of Fire Book Report1089 Words   |  5 Pagesis about the Spartans warrior culture and how it ties into the Marine Corps values, and the present day warrior culture of our Marine Corps. My opinion on this book is that it is a great and interesting read that captures the attention of the reader and ties in ideally to our Marine Corps values. It depicts perfectly on what it is to be a warrior whether it is past, present, or future. I think that every Marine should read this book or at least look into the history of the Spartans and their dedicationRead MoreGates of Fire Essay631 Words   |  3 PagesGates of Fire By: Steven Pressfield Subject Person- Spartan Warriors Place- Greece 480 B.C. Event- Battle of Thermoplae. Concept- Xeones recounts his life leading up to the battle. Object- Greek city-states consisting of 300 Spartan Warriors, 400 Thebans, 700 Thespian Volunteers And around 900 Helots Fought The Persian Empire at the pass of Thermopylae. Reason For Choosing Book Prior to reading this novel I had some knowledge of the Battle of Thermopylae. I watched the movie 300last yearRead MoreWhat Constitutes a Spartan in Steven Pressfields Gates of Fire1641 Words   |  7 PagesSteven Pressfields: Gates of fire is based on a true story of how three hundred courageous warrior Spartans led by their king Leonidas and 700 Thespaian allies held off an army of over one million Persian infantrymen on a narrow pass in Thermopylae Greece in 480 B.C. for seven days. The Spartan Warriors were highly disciplined, physically and mentally tough soldiers that were dedicated to their country and way of life. The three hundred Spartan’s left home one day leaving their families behind,Read MoreThe Greatest Success Of The Spartans1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe Spartans, one of the fiercest military powers of their time dominated their rivals, but their government and society were also the finest of that period. They had many rivals in their time. It seemed like they were always fighting with all of the other countries that were apart of Greece, but Sparta was famous for their military power. Their Society was also one of the best at that time pe riod because they would give all of their spartan citizens a vote. The women were also some of the most successfulRead MoreReview Of The Great Warrior 1414 Words   |  6 PagesExploration, Encounter Exchange; Review of Literature for Sparta Spartans and Athenians did not necessarily get along, therefore they fought a lot. Athens and Sparta were both greek city-states. Their power rivaled each other therefore causing some friction. Athen’s rise to power was through democracy and philosophy and the Spartan’s despised every bit of it. Only because they rose to power through war and fear. The Athenians believed that they were the descendants of Athena. The Spartan’s wereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 300 The Battle Of Thermopylae 1560 Words   |  7 PagesIn Zack Snyder’s 300, the battle of Thermopylae, the life of the Spartans and the glory of war comes to life on the big screen for all audiences worldwide. The movie, 300, released in 2006 is based on the graphic novel written by Frank Miller, 300. The movie focuses on the use of the Classical past to portray everything from the upbringing of a Spartan to the bravery of King Leonidas and the 300 Spartans on the battle fields of Thermopylae ag ainst the mighty Persians. Unlike most Hollywood moviesRead MoreThe Battle Of The King Xerxes1530 Words   |  7 Pageslegendary Spartan King, Leonidas and 300 of his formidable royal body guards, led a coalition of Greek warriors against a much larger opponent, the Persian King Xerxes. Against the odds, the Greeks stood their ground and deterred Xerxes’ Army for three days at the Thermopylae Pass, known as the Hot Gates. Xerxes might have won the tactical battle, yet, the Spartans proved superior training, equipment, and intimate familiarity with the terrain were critical force multipliers. The Spartan power, willpower

Implement and Maintain Internal Control Procedure †Free Solution

Question: Describe about the Implement and Maintain Internal Control Procedure? Answer: 1. Purpose of internal control One of the major objective of the internal control is helps the employees and the owners to understand the attitude of organisations as whole (Albrecht, 2009). Internal control set protocol and procured for the employees to perform day to day transaction and duties. Internal control helps to prevent and reduce the fraud. Apart from that, internal controls aim the entity to run the business efficiently and effectively. However, internal control measures are not built in overnight but it is one consentient process which ultimately given the entity to build the organisations structure (Bebbington et al. 2010). An internal control is a very much governance the risks and counter the threats to improve the performance of the organizations in future. 2. Maintaing the adequate system of internal control The five major features of the internal control system help the entity or owner to manage the internal control. These internal control features are monitoring, controlling the several transactions, informations, communications and finally the assessing the risk (Benedict and Elliot, 2011). Monitoring is very much help in reviewing the employee performance along with that it also help in controlling the transactions that ultimately seek the information for communications. 3. Cost and benefit associated with internal control Cost versus benefits relationship Since the organization has various cost benefit analysis by implementing the internal control. One of the major costing would be hiring of extra personnel for the monitoring the duty along with equipment like computer based billing are increasing the cost of the(Berry, 2009). organizations . However, one of the major benefit would be entity would be able to keep track record of the expenditure, sales and employee absenteeism. This benefit would help the organization to control take over the control of entire process. These recurring cost will double the profit in near future for the organization (Bhattacharyya, 2010). Two benefit of cost benefit relationship Reducing the work pressure: One of the cost benefit relationship would be it will help the entity to increase the efficiency of human resources by decreasing the work pressure via implementation of computer based network (Bienstock and Mentzer, 2008). Detect error: Prevent the error and irregularity which will increase the productivity of the organizations (Brigham, 2010). The entity may face various error like transaction error and human error which can be corrected via internal control system. 4. Role of internal auditors Internal auditors maintain the expenditure and sales day books in order to manage day to day transactions of the organisations (Donelson et a n.d.). Managing the expectation of the stakeholders via regular communications. Assessing the risk on the key business activities using the collected financial information Prepare of financial report and identifying the issues within the business to make improvements in operations and productivity among the employees (Finley, 1994). Recommending for the suitable alternative options to the entity to increase the profitability and productivity of the company (Janvrin, 2003). 5. List of internal control weakness in both companies Employees fraud: As per the case given both of the companies is facing the problem of internal control. One of the Booker of the fast track company has conducted the fraudulent within the company via duplicate payment to supplier receipt and distributed among its friends (Janvrin, 2003). This is employees fraud which is raised due to lack of the control over the organizations. There has been numerous occasion where the employees or say bookkeeper does money embezzlement under the nose of the entity (Lenard et al. 2013). Here the employee Ms Simpson, and Mr. Oakley has done the billing the fraud which is also known as the employee fraud. This is due to the manual handling of the transactions. Company is been suffering the entire loss due to tampering of the financial obfuscations (Rae and Subramaniam, 2008). This fraud is done by the employees because of the open access to blank cheques and financial records and cash. Apart from that manager does not verify or approve the discounts an d credit memos which ultimately lead to employee fraudulent (Smith et al. n.d.). Accounts payables fraud: This type of fraud is generally done by the employee under the nose of the entity. Billing fraud is done by Ms. Simpson and their colleagues are taken the advantages of the entity and lack of proper internal control over the organizations (Vinten and Greening, 2001). All goods within the Fast track are been kept with the clerk who are responsible for the signing and receiving the slip are one of the major reason for fraudulent of billing within the Fast Track organizations (Hashemi, 2008). Apart from that the manager of the company is always been busy and sign the cheques and hand them to book peer who does the fraudulent and filed the invoices as per his wish (Balakrishnan and Sivaramakrishnan, 2008). Here, no billing or review of the vendor transactions with invoice numbers because the manager sis quite busy with other things. Lastly, No review of the vendor monthly statements for outstanding items has incurred the loss for the managers which create big losses in future (Hashemi, 2008). 6. Recommendations Implement the internal control: Internal control and programmes helps to safeguard the company asset and cash from the fraud and theft. Internal control is based on the few steps which helpful in reducing the error and detect the fraud within the organizations structure (Vinten and Greening, 2001). Figure 1: Steps in internal control (Source: Rae and Subramaniam, 2008, pp-104) With the help of internal control functions adequate control hells the managers to delegate the responsibilities among the employees and set the benchmarking within their work. Internal control will helps to detect the fraud by establishing and maintaining the people at all level within the organizations (Lenard et al. 2013). Internal control can increase the cost of the company but it helps the entity to cost effective in future. Internal control avoids the fraudulent which is been happen in the above case study of Fast track book keeper. Internal creates documentations of receipt and preparation of bank deposit within the books of accounts which reduce the employee fraud within the organizations (Janvrin, 2003). In additions to that, internal control will make sure that, deposit stamps in the entire incoming cheques are manage as per the order and also requires two signature which alert the manager about the fraudulent among the employees. Computer based billing: Computer based billing helps manager to check the order and invoice which will receive the billing or accounts payables fraudulent. Computer based network will helps the company to make the monthly Du Pont analysis which help[s the fraudulent of invoices which has been done by the employees within the Fast track book keeper. Computer based transaction helps the manager detect the fraud in the manual transaction which can be caught at any time soon. This will reduce the human error and detect the fraud. Hire experts: hiring an expert like CFA and CPA would give the organization additional benefit of the ethical accounting which will reduce the fraudulent conducted by the employees. Most of the employees are very much try taking advantages of entity because of the lack of expert in the area of accounting (Finley, 1994). Using GPPA method in accounting will help the Fast track to keep track of the expenditure and the actual cost which will help the company to reduce the error of principles, error of mission, error of commission within the financial statements. This will set the positive work environment that prevents employees from the fraud and theft. Reference List Books Albrecht, W. (2009). Financial Accounting. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons. Bebbington, J., Gray, R. and Laughlin, R. (2010). Financial Accounting: practice and principles. 7th ed. Bedford, London: Thomson Learning. Benedict, A, and Elliot, B., (2011). Financial Accounting: An Instruction. 5th ed. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning. Berry, A., (2009). Financial Accounting: an introduction. 4th ed. California: Random House. Bhattacharyya, A. K. (2010) Principles and Practice of Cost Accounting, 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Bienstock, C. C. and Mentzer, J. T. (2008) Sales Forecasting Management, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Brigham, E. (2010) Financial Management: Theory and Practice. 5th ed. London: Routledge. Journals Donelson, D., Ege, M. and McInnis, J. (n.d.). Internal Control Weaknesses and Financial Reporting Fraud. SSRN Journal.22-45 Finley, d. (1994). Game Theoretic Analysis of Discovery Sampling for Internal Fraud Control Auditing. Contemporary Accounting Research, 11(1), pp.91-114. Janvrin, D. (2003). St. Patrick Company: Using Role Play to Examine Internal Control and Fraud Detection Concepts. Journal of Information Systems, 17(2), pp.17-39. Lenard, M., Yu, B. and York, E. (2013). Do Discretionary Accruals Help Distinguish between Internal Control Weaknesses and Fraud?. International Business Research, 6(12). Rae, K. and Subramaniam, N. (2008). Quality of internal control procedures. Managerial Auditing Journal, 23(2), pp.104-124. Smith, R., Tiras, S. and Vichitlekarn, S. (n.d.). The Interaction Between Internal Control Assessment and Substantive Testing in Audits for Fraud. SSRN Journal. Vinten, G. and Greening, M. (2001). Internal Control and Fraud in the Smaller Building Society. Journal of Financial Crime, 8(3), pp.201-205. Hashemi, S. A. (2008) Analyze the relationship between operating cash flows and accruals, operating cash flow forecasting model, according and Auditing Review, 38, 1-24. Balakrishnan, R. and Sivaramakrishnan, K. (2008) A critical overview of the use of fullcost data for planning and pricing. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 14: 3-31.

Growing Up Too Much, Too Soon Essay Example For Students

Growing Up Too Much, Too Soon Essay I wish I hadnt grown up so fast. Its just too much, too sudden. I feels as if it was only yesterday that I had no worries. I could look back and have little, to no regrets. I didnt feel as if I had to please someone, to coexist with them. Life now is full of responsibilities. Grades. Friends. Parents. Being a teenager in general. When I was little, the future was so far away. I didnt spend very long thinking about who and what I wanted to be. I can think about that later, was the mantra running in my head. Now, everything is very close. I didnt even realize the journey Ive been through, It was just the way it was. The world I once knew has lost its innocence. It has gotten cynical. More cynical than my parents can remember. My eyes have opened. As soon as I grew up, it wasnt the same. All the people around me is chasing popularity over real friends. True friends are harder to find. Theyre hidden behind the cautiousness of all teenagers. What to say, think and who to talk to. How can you know for sure, that someone is not going to like what you said and then start a rumor? Who will want to betray you? When you are a teenager there will be times when youll be surrounded by hundreds of fake friends, they will talk behind your back, they will lie to your face, and they will not truly like you. Not for whom you really are. There might even be times when you wont have any friends at all, but thats just a step you have to overcome to figure out who will be the ones you are going to grow old with. The ones you can still laugh at the crazy stuff you did together. Maybe you will find them later in your life. Its never too late to make true friends. However, it still hurts to have no one, even if only for a short while. Growing up hurts, its full of nostalgia. I remember the old cartoons I used to laugh my butt off at, the times when I lay in bed, listening to a bedtime story. Having that pure untouched mind. The hardest decision was what ice cream flavor I wanted or what toy to play. Why do some people want to run away from their childhood? The silliness and the goofiness. What happened to having a good time playing outside with your friends? They want to grow up. They want to get out of school as soon as possible; they want to go away to college, to be away from their parents. A new apartment, a new city. Yes, you can do whatever you want now. Yes, its your own place, but its not home. Its doesnt have that warm feeling. You may say that you are glad to be away from you annoying parents. One day they will be gone. You are getting older and so are they. Youll get homesick every now and then. Moms old cooking, your fathers bad jokes. Once you grow up, its gone. If I had a remote control for life, I would scroll back to the good times, fast-forward the sad, re-live the awesome, and pause the moments that are slipping through my fingers. But time waits for no one. That is why we have memories. Sure, some may not be as happy as others may, but they are proof that you lived, you had good times, you cried, and youre human. Some memories are with us forever. To teach us. To remind us. To show us, that growing up, is a part of life. You are born, you grow up, and you die. That is how it has always been and that is how it will always be.

Primary Socialization Theory Essays - Conformity, Social Psychology

Primary Socialization Theory Traditional sociological analyses tie secondary socialization sources to behavior, usually using linkage through stress. Situations, personal traits, etc. lead to stress, and drugs relieve them. According to Oetting and Donnermeyer, these secondary socialization sources operate only via their effects on primary socializations sources. "Unless a personality trait, a community characteristic, stress, or any other factor influences bonding with the primary socialization sources or alters the communication of norms through those sources, the theory proposes that there will be little or no effect on deviant behaviors. (Oetting and Donnermeyer, 1998) Thus far (there is to be a series of three articles, only one of which has been published) the major analysis has been of adolescents. Three primary sources of socialization are proposed: family, school and peer groups. While any of these groups are capable of transmitting both prosocial and deviant norms, family and school are seen as being primarily prosocial and peer groups carrying the main risk of trasmitting deviant norms. Family socialization contains two components which impact an adolescent's risk for deviance: the strength of the family bond, and the use of those bonds to transmit prosocial norms. Dysfunctional families may either alienate their children and/or provide deviant normative information to them. The family bond of concern in these cases is not just a matter of support of love. It is more specifically limited to the level to which an individual is willing to accept and adopt values and norms from the family, and thus to behave accordingly. Society currently assigns schools the responsibility of transmitting certain cultural and behavioral norms. In the same way that there are dysfunctional families, there are also dysfunctional schools which have parallel weaknesses. The typical image of a dysfunctional school, of the resignation to chaos and deviance is only one type. Even in the best schools, there will be alienated peer groups. Poor grades, disciplinary problems etc. tend to erode the bond between an adolescent and school, and thus erode the ability of the school to transmit prosocial norms. These students are forced outside the circle in which other peers may be receiving normative socialization. Studies of these disaffected groups have shown that students experiencing alienation, lack of success within the school framework, and other problems with deriving rewards from school have a greater tendency toward drug use and deviancy in general. Peer groups form the last primary socialization group, and have the greatest impact on those alienated from the first two groups. These groups may be formed on the basis of, among other things, ethnicity or activity - including drug use. An individual's choice of peer group has been shown to correlate with their risk of drug use/abuse (Oetting and Donnermeyer, 1998). Primary socialization theory thus provides a powerful tool in analyzing the sources of risk for subtance abuse. It integrates many other theories, and thus it's applicability is extremely wide. In terms of policy implications, it points to the importance of maintaining social ties between family, school and adolescents. Moreover, it can reveal certain alienating aspects of punishment as counterproductive in the school's role as transmitter of prosocial norms. Finally, it suggests that a certain emphasis in creating social bonding among recovering addicts is uniquely important in successfully treating addiction. As an overall theme, there are two components to all of these instances. First, there must be a strong social bond of a very unique sort. It is one among people who draw upon each other when making normative judgements intimate to their lives, or more specifically, the course of action with respect to drugs. Identification with this group with respect to the judgement at hand is essential for the adoption of similar norms. The second component is that these bonds must become used to transmit that normative information. Strong bonds do not prevent drug use if that identity does not in some way involve a consideration of drug use as deviant. Finally, the limitations of this theory must also be considered. That is, in some cases, drug use stems from a perception that all social bonds have been severed. Thus the behavior is not learned from an intimate peer group, but from the environment in general. In this case, the old-fashioned

Strength and Conditioning Article Critique

Strength and Conditioning Article Critique â€Å"Strength Training for the Warfighter† an article by William Kraemer and Tunde Szivak discusses methods that can be used to make endurance training for soldiers and professional athletes more effective.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Strength and Conditioning Article Critique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kraemer and Szivak deviate from the traditional methods used in endurance training for soldiers which focused on physical fitness. Kraemer and Szivak propose that endurance training for soldiers should be based on mission requirements that involve tailoring endurance training programs to meet the psychological, physical, and environmental challenges encountered on the battlefield. These scholars maintain that the main purpose of endurance training programs is to increase power and maximal strength because they are the basis of neuromuscular fitness. Another aim of endurance or resistance training i s to shield soldiers from injuries and improve performance (Kraemer , Szivak, 2012). Kraemer and Szivak argue that in order to come up with effective endurance training programs, one needs to understand physiological principles of power and strength development. In order to make muscles more powerful, an endurance training program should be designed in a way that stimulate more motor units. Current endurance training programs used by the military are ineffective because they stimulate a few motor units. In designing an effective endurance training program, certain variables need to be taken into consideration.Advertising Looking for article on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These include choice of the program, order of exercises, load resistance used, rest between exercises, and number of sets. These variables should be designed to enable concurrent training, which is training both the anaerobic an d aerobic metabolic systems (Kraemer , Szivak, 2012). Lastly, Kraemer and Szivak also stress on the need of paying attention to workout styles. In regard to this, Kraemer and Szivak advocate for a flexible nonlinear approach because it incorporates several workouts. Ideally, in endurance training, one should start with minor workouts, followed by light workouts, moderate workouts, heavy workouts, and finally very heavy workouts (Kraemer , Szivak, 2012). Kraemer and Szivak make important points when it comes to designing endurance programs for soldiers. Currently, soldiers are subjected to heavy endurance training, mainly in the form of long-distance running that is not compatible with their needs in the battle field (Ferruggia, 2008). Additionally, long-distance running does not give soldiers the necessary muscle mass and strength they need to deal with the challenges on the modern battlefield. This is because it does not train the relevant muscles and motor units. Kraemer and Sziva ks proposition that military endurance training should be tailored to meet the needs of soldiers is essential.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Strength and Conditioning Article Critique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kraemer and Szivaks proposal for designing military endurance programs is also useful. They suggest that military endurance programs do not have to be linear and rigid. Military commanders and trainers should let soldiers engage in exercises, they feel comfortable with without forcing them to stick to a strict training schedule. In addition, Kraemer and Szivak maintain that effective endurance training programs should allow soldiers adequate rest between training sessions. This is useful as the current military endurance training programs overwork soldiers, leading to depletion and damage to their muscles, instead of building them (Baechle , Earle, 2008). Kraemer and Szivak clearly indicate that eff ective endurance training programs are not based on long training hours and heavy physical exercises, but on understanding the needs of soldiers in the battlefield and body physiology. However, Kraemer and Szivak fail to elaborate what types of exercises are effective in endurance training. References Baechle, T. R., Earle, R. W. (2008). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Ferruggia, J. (2008). Fit to fight: an insanely effective strength and conditioning program for the ultimate MMA warrior. New York: Avery. Kraemer, W. J., Szivak, T. K. (2012). Strength Training For the Warfighter. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(7): 107–118.

IFRS ( international financial reporting standards) Essay

IFRS ( international financial reporting standards) - Essay Example Resulting from this difference, IFRS gives the management flexibility and discretion in preparing the financial statements of a company. In the recent past, most nations have moved towards adopting a common globalized accounting standard. As such, use of IFRS in many parts of the world has gained widespread prominence and popularity. Regions such as the European Union, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore and Russia, and other countries have adopted the use of IFRS. In January 2011, Canada adopted the use of IFRS officially; consequently, many countries switched from their accounting standards and adopted the IFRS standard of Canada. The widespread acceptance of International Financial Reporting Standards portrays a fundamental change in the accounting profession. This stems from the fact that the use of IFRS has become a common phenomenon in the accounting profession (Nandakumar et al 2011, p. 3). About 100 countries either allow or require publicly held companies to use IFRS while preparing their financial statements. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in America has considered setting a date in order to allow U.S. public companies to adopt the use of IFRS. The process of setting international standards started several decades back. Industrialized nations saw the need to devise standards, which could be adopted by small and developing nations unable to come up with their own standards for accounting. With the globalization of business, investors, regulators, auditing firms and large companies realized the vitality of adopting common standards that could apply in all aspects of financial reporting (Kirk 2008, p. 2). The adoption of IFRS has some considerable benefits to the company and the investors who adopt these standards. The adoption of international standards allows the governments, and investors and organizations to have a comparison of the financial statements